Abstract
A large increase in distributed generation integrated within power system networks has resulted in power quality challenges and in the need to resolve complex system faults. The monitoring of the real-time state of the power parameters of the transmission and distribution grid helps to control the stability and reliability of the grid. In such a scenario, having current monitoring equipment that is flexible and easy to install can always be of great help to reduce the price of energy monitoring and to increase the dependability of a smart grid. Advances in magnetic sensor research offer measurement system accuracy that is less complex to install and that can be obtained at a lower less cost. Tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensors can be used to measure the AC current by sensing the magnetic field that is generated by the current-carrying conductor in a contactless manner. This paper illustrates the results of a thorough investigation of factors that can influence the performance of the TMR sensors that are used for the current phasor measurements of a single-phase AC current application, such as the effects of distance, harmonics, and conductor insulation.
Highlights
The need for power quality measurements at various nodes in power system distribution and transmission networks is increasingly gaining importance because of the increasing number of distributed generations being added to the network
Effect of variation on the sensor quality that is caused by any slight variation that may occur during manufacturing;
The experiments were conducted with various parts and stages to record measurements in detail, and a thorough analysis was performed to study the behavior of the sensors under the four factors mentioned above
Summary
The need for power quality measurements at various nodes in power system distribution and transmission networks is increasingly gaining importance because of the increasing number of distributed generations being added to the network. Advances in electronics have transformed the old electromechanical meters into sophisticated phasor measurement units (PMU) that are able to be installed at the substations and power generation sites to provide comprehensive information about these time-stamped power parameters [1,2,3] These PMUs need transducers to sense the currents and voltages of the grid. Conventional current transformers (CTs) are widely used since they have been used as current transducers for PMUs for many decades These CTs are core wound and are appropriate for high-voltage applications when they are inside of oil filled containers, and they are prone to damage because of the temperature, moisture, and the faults that can take place at the substations. With the benefit of being noninvasive, these sensors can be installed at any required location in the power distribution and transmission network, including in substations as well as in distributed generation (DG) facilities; it is possible to acquire an accurate real-time state of the entire power grid
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