Performance of a New Yielding Rock Bolt Under Pull and Shear Loading Conditions

Abstract

High stress in surrounding rock mass could cause serious stability problems such as larger squeezing deformation in soft rock and rock burst in hard rock. The support system applied in high in situ stress conditions should be able to carry high load and accommodate large deformation of rock mass. This paper presented a new yielding rock bolt, called tension and compression-coupled yielding rock bolt, which is promising to provide support for both squeezing and burst-prone rock mass encountered in mining or tunneling at depth. The new bolt mainly consists of a steel rod and two additional anchors. The steel rod is a round shape bar with varying surface conditions. The inner segment is processed into rough surface, while the middle segment of the rod has smooth surface. Two additional anchors were arranged on both ends of smooth segment. The bolt is fully encapsulated in a borehole with either cement or resin grout. The rough segment and the inner anchor are firmly fixed in the bottom of the borehole, while the smooth segment has no or very weak bonding to the grout, which can stretch to accommodate rock dilatation. First, direct quasi-static pull tests were performed to examine the load capacity of tension and compression-coupled anchor. The results showed that the coupling action of tension to the rough rod and compression on the inner additional anchor by grout in different positions can increase the ultimate bearing capacity of inner anchoring segment significantly. Second, the performance of the new bolt and the fully encapsulated rebar bolt was tested under fracture opening condition. Results showed that the load and strain concentration could result in premature failure of fully encapsulated rebar bolt. However, the smooth segment of TCC Yielding rock bolt can detach from the grout under pull loading and provide a larger deformation to accommodate rock dilations. Third, shear tests were performed to examine the deformation mechanism of the new rock bolt under fracture sliding condition. Results showed that the smooth section of the new bolt specimen can deform freely to accommodate the sliding of fracture. The maximum shear displacement of the new bolt specimen is much larger than the fully encapsulated rebar bolt specimen, which is promising a better ability to accommodate the large displacement sliding of fracture in engineering practice.