Performance of a lead–carbon negative electrode based on a Pb–C electrodeposited porous graphite/Pb conductive net skeleton

Abstract

A novel Pb-electrodeposited porous graphite (PG)/Pb conductive net skeleton was prepared by electroplating. The PG/Pb was also used as a negative electrode to study its electrochemical performance. The morphologies of skeleton and negative electrode were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. Results showed that the skeleton and electrode had a three-dimensional porous structure and that the lead-based active material evenly covered the surface, which can improve electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge tests were then performed to study electrochemical performance. Results showed markedly restrained hydrogen evolution and a wide working-potential range (−1.05 to −1.3 V versus Hg/Hg2SO4). The PG, which had a high specific surface area and increased capacitance, acted as a buffer and enforced the charge and discharge acceptance, thereby enabling the electrode to discharge 271, 103 and 48 s at current densities of 3.4, 8.6 and 17.2 A/g, respectively. After 50 cycles, specific capacity almost did not decrease, which effectively restrained the irreversible sulphation and improved battery capacity and lifespan. The prepared electrode had excellent electrochemical performance and can be used as a novel negative electrode in lead-acid batteries.