Abstract
Delivering Internet-of-Things (IoT) connectivity over satellite is a promising solution for applications in remote and sparsely populated areas. These applications range from smart agriculture, logistics, asset tracking to emergency services. Using a shared radio spectrum with terrestrial services will facilitate a cost-effective and rapid deployment of IoT-over-Satellite since it reduces the administrative and financial hurdles of leasing a dedicated segment of the spectrum. Although IoT-over-Satellite communication provides larger service coverage, the vast number of IoT devices also increase the interference in the satellite uplink channel, and it becomes a significant challenge for the reliable performance of the IoT-over-satellite. In this paper, we propose a framework for modeling the performance of IoT-over-Satellite access systems when sharing the radio spectrum with terrestrial networks. We take into consideration several important aspects, namely; satellite orbit, terrestrial IoT devices uplink interference, atmosphere and gas absorption, and the probability of line-of-sight. The performance of the overall system is presented in terms of the uplink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and thus the time-availability of the satellite link during a typical pass. We focus on low earth orbit satellites due to their potential use in IoT applications, where we evaluate the framework using actual parameters of satellites located in 300–800 km orbits. Furthermore, the paper presents a numercial model to obtain the most suitable antenna beamwidth that maximizes the link-availability of the satellite link by the simultaneous reduction in the terrestrial interference and the boosting of the underlying IoT signal of interest.
Highlights
There has been significant research interest in access networks of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), since a vast number of IoT devices have been deployed around the world
The 1.6 GHz and 2.5 GHz is a suggestion by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [8,9], there is no restriction on what frequency bands to be used in IoT-over-satellite communication, and it is interesting to explore the use of a license-free spectrum, such as the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band for shared terrestrial-satellite access use since the ISM band devices are commonly used by the public
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites are located in the region above the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and below the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), having an altitude of 2000 km to 35,786 km, and Highly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellites have an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity around the Earth
Summary
There has been significant research interest in access networks of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), since a vast number of IoT devices have been deployed around the world. Different researchers propose a simulation framework or simulation system model of satellite communications, such a performance model, or framework is still lacking from today’s literature as most of the current satellite systems are using licensed frequency bands. To bridge this gap, we develop in this paper a performance evaluation framework for the IoT-over-Satellite access in terms of the uplink signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR). The main focus of the paper is to provide a simulation framework to estimate the impact of terrestrial uplink interference to the LEO satellite in the shared spectrum, and it does not necessarily address only ISM or any specific radio frequency band. The 1.6 GHz and 2.5 GHz is a suggestion by the 3GPP [8,9], there is no restriction on what frequency bands to be used in IoT-over-satellite communication, and it is interesting to explore the use of a license-free spectrum, such as the ISM band for shared terrestrial-satellite access use since the ISM band devices are commonly used by the public
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