Performance improvement of free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an adaptive optics unit

Abstract

We propose a method to enhance the performance of the free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution (FSCVQKD) by utilizing an adaptive optics (AO) unit at the receiver’s side to suppress wavefront distortions caused by high-order wavefront aberrations for fault-tolerant detection. Benefiting from the AO unit, the high-order wavefront aberrations can be corrected and thus effectively improve the mixing efficiency of homodyne detection, which enhances the performance of FSCVQKD. Considering the fact that the closed-loop control bandwidth of AO unit and the atmospheric coherence length have an important effect in performance improvement for FSCVQKD, in this paper, we analyze the performance of our protocol with AO unit under different closed-loop control bandwidths and atmospheric coherence lengths, respectively. The analysis is performed by considering the three specific scenarios of turbulence which are frequent challenges in FSCVQKD protocol, namely beam wandering, randomly blocked and log-normal distribution. In addition, we also study the impact of AO-added noise on our protocol. Simulation results show that all in the beam wandering case, the randomly blocked case and the log-normal distribution, the use of AO unit can enhance the performance of FSCVQKD protocol by adjusting the closed-loop control bandwidth of AO unit and the atmospheric coherence length in appropriate ranges with the case of fixed Greenwood frequency in the presence of AO-added noise.