Abstract
A Polymer Electrolytic Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an efficient power device for automobiles, but its efficiency and life span depend upon its air delivery system. To ensure improved performance of PEMFC, the air delivery system must ensure proper regulation of Oxygen Excess Ratio (OER). This paper proposes two nonlinear control strategies, namely Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) and Fast Terminal ISMC (FTISMC). Both the controllers are designed to control the OER at a constant level under load disturbances while avoiding oxygen starvation. The derived controllers are implemented in MATLAB/ Simulink. The corresponding simulation results depict that FTISMC has faster tracking performance and lesser fluctuations due to load disturbances in output net power, stack voltage/power, error tracking, OER, and compressor motor voltage. Lesser fluctuations in these parameters ensure increased efficiency and thus extended life of a PEMFC. The results are also compared with super twisting algorithm STA to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. ISMC and FTISMC yield 7% and 20% improved performance as compared to STA. The proposed research finds potential applications in hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles.
Highlights
This paper focuses on the control design of the air delivery system
We can conclude that Fast Terminal ISMC (FTISMC) based strategy has spikes against transitions in current demands, so in this case, Super Twisting Algorithm (STA) ensures the increased life span of the fuel cell’s compressor motor; as STA is a model less controller and it ignores all the compressor dynamics while all the compressor parameters have been considered when implementing Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) and FTISMC so it might not be fair to compare the results of compressor motor voltage for STA with the variants of SMC in the presence of matched uncertainties for various current demand transitions
FTISMC and ISMC control techniques have been presented in this article to regulate the air delivery of Polymer Electrolytic Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Summary
With time and exponential growth in the human population, the energy demand is increasing rapidly with the technical advancements in the electrical and electronics industries [1–4]. Model-free adaptive control based on interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems has been implemented on a third order linearised plant [34]. H-infinity control is proposed using a linearised system for energy optimization of hybrid vehicles [45] It can be observed from the above discussion that most of the control techniques have been implemented on linearised or reduced-order models. A ninth order nonlinear mathematical model of the fuel cell is considered to be the most detailed as compared to lower-order models when controlling the air delivery of PEMFC. Non-linear control techniques are proposed to maintain the desired value of OER of 2 [46], so that smooth power delivery can be ensured and a constant stack voltage can be maintained for the desired load variation.
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