Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at Al-Saqlawiya township Al-Anbar governorate at north in latitude 33°24´57" and east longitude 43°41´23", during period from 15/10/2018 to 15/1/2019 in order to evaluate the performance of 5 units of surface drip irrigation system, components and periods of use, by the steps recommended by the American Agriculture Engineers Association, at 50 kPa operational pressure. Results showed that there was a disparity in values of emitters actual discharge, uniformity coefficient, emission uniformity and variation percent of discharge. Although the similarity of most measurement conditions such as land area, design, management and the operational pressure except of the periods of using these systems which ranged 2-5 years. The decrease percent of actual discharge values 8.06%, 8.74%, and 19.04% when comparing the actual discharge for the system 1 with the values of systems 2,3 and 4, respectively. While the increase percent of the actual discharge value reached 29.74% when comparing of system 1 with system 5. Uniformity coefficient of system decreased were 5.32%, 19.95%, 3.81% and 7.21%, respectively, and 10.73%,37.25%,7.51% and 14.36% for the decrease percent of emission uniformity comparing the system 1 with the systems 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, as for the increase percent for the variation emitters discharge, it were 7.70%, 118.73%, 7.70%, respectively. Non- compliance of users of these systems with regular maintenance of the end of agriculture seasons, poor storage conditions, not maintained at high temperature or cold conditions and increase use periods, all had caused the expansion of emitters' holes, which affected negatively in some values of the followed evaluation standard.
Highlights
The problems of limited available water for agricultural purposes in Iraq and particularity in Al-Saqlawiya, Al-Anbar, are considered of the main issues that challenge the water resources planners and the researchers
The same researchers above showed that the hydraulic differences along the emitters line are affected by the slope, length and diameter of the tube as well as the relationship between the applied operational pressure and emitters discharge. They indicated that the uniformity coefficient depends on the variable properties of system that are shown at the evaluation. (1) have obtained the actual discharge 4.00, 4.43 and 4.81 L h-1 when using operational pressure from 50, 70 and 100 kPa by using emitters whose design discharge 4 L h-1
Whereas (19) classified the value of uniformity coefficient as follow: Uniformity coefficient (UC) 90% is "excellent", 80% ˂ UC 90% "good", 70% ˂ UC 80% "satisfactory", 60% ˂ UC 70% is "poor" and UC 60% is " not acceptable". (12) have defined the emission uniformity as in another alternative criterion, were it coefficient, Emission uniformity and Variation represents the ratio between the rate of the percent of emitters discharge) used and minimum quarter of emitters discharge over judging their quality and matching for the the rate of the overall discharge of emitters. (2) requirements of the drip irrigation system concluded that not conducting the regular design
Summary
The problems of limited available water for agricultural purposes in Iraq and particularity in Al-Saqlawiya, Al-Anbar, are considered of the main issues that challenge the water resources planners and the researchers. The same researchers above showed that the hydraulic differences along the emitters line are affected by the slope, length and diameter of the tube as well as the relationship between the applied operational pressure and emitters discharge They indicated that the uniformity coefficient depends on the variable properties of system that are shown at the evaluation. Some nozzles, which affected negatively in The questionnaire was evaluated, data and values of uniformity coefficient and low water information were collected about the use of depth as well as the nozzles discharge for drip irrigation system under field operating some apparatus used in the study, and not conditions in agricultural fields in Aljoining the nozzles in their proper places had a saqlawiya sector (5 fields),.
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