Performance evaluation on ground loading systems of cryogenic propellants

Abstract

AbstractTo study and compare the merits and demerits of different ground loading systems for cryogenic propellants, three kinds of schemes have been classified according to their loading status: boiling point loading scheme, subcooled direct loading scheme and subcooled cycled loading scheme. Aiming at the three kinds of schemes mentioned previously, related mathematical models of ground storage tanks, filling pipelines and launch vehicle tanks are established by means of a thermal resistance analysis method, lumped parameter method and one‐dimensional finite difference method. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, a K‐T decision‐making method is adopted to determine the preferred scheme. Meanwhile, application situations of multiple ground loading systems in different countries have been analyzed in detail. The researches show that the boiling point loading scheme is the best choice in the aspect of comprehensive performance. However, the subcooled cycled loading scheme is preferable to the case of payload as design objective for the long‐term development. The classified schemes proposed in this paper reveal the feasibility and practicality in actual application of ground loading systems of cryogenic propellants. The study also provides theoretical basis and technological support to design or improve the ground loading systems of cryogenic propellants in the future. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.