Abstract
Feasibility of iron shavings (Fe0) as a low-cost catalyst was evaluated in catalytic ozonation for degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The characterization of the catalyst studied by a variety of techniques like scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Experimental results indicated a first order kinetics for Fe-based catalytic ozonation (O3/Fe0) and sole-ozonation (O3) in the removal of SMX with slightly greater rate constant for O3. In the both processes, the removal efficiency of SMX was more than 99% at the first 5 min. Average COD removal efficiency in the O3/Fe0 process was about 1.36 times greater than O3. The main intermediates detected by LC-MS/MS were 3-Amino-5-methylisoxazole, benzoquinone, sulfanilic acid, hydroxyl-SMX and nitroso SMX. The mineralization of SMX significantly increased concentration of sulfate and nitrate. Fe0 enhanced ozone utilization and transfer rate. Fe0 is not requiring any preparation before use and could be a promising catalyst for practical advanced wastewater treatment.
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