Performance Evaluation of Small Sized Powdered Ferric Hydroxide as Arsenic Adsorbent

Muhammad Usman,Manassis Mitrakas,Mathias Ernst,Ioannis Katsoyiannis,Anastasios Zouboulis

doi:10.3390/w10070957

Abstract

The small sized powdered ferric oxy-hydroxide, termed Dust Ferric Hydroxide (DFH), was applied in batch adsorption experiments to remove arsenic species from water. The DFH was characterized in terms of zero point charge, zeta potential, surface charge density, particle size and moisture content. Batch adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that the Freundlich model described the isothermal adsorption behavior of arsenic species notably well. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of DFH in deionized ultrapure water, applying a residual equilibrium concentration of 10 µg/L at the equilibrium pH value of 7.9 ± 0.1, with a contact time of 96 h (i.e., Q10), was 6.9 and 3.5 µg/mg for As(V) and As(III), respectively, whereas the measured adsorption capacity of the conventionally used Granular Ferric Hydroxide (GFH), under similar conditions, was found to be 2.1 and 1.4 µg/mg for As(V) and As(III), respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption of arsenic species onto DFH in a Hamburg tap water matrix, as well as in an NSF challenge water matrix, was found to be significantly lower. The lowest recorded adsorption capacity at the same equilibrium concentration was 3.2 µg As(V)/mg and 1.1 µg As(III)/mg for the NSF water. Batch adsorption kinetics experiments were also conducted to study the impact of a water matrix on the behavior of removal kinetics for As(V) and As(III) species by DFH, and the respective data were best fitted to the second order kinetic model. The outcomes of this study confirm that the small sized iron oxide-based material, being a by-product of the production process of GFH adsorbent, has significant potential to be used for the adsorptive removal of arsenic species from water, especially when this material can be combined with the subsequent application of low-pressure membrane filtration/separation in a hybrid water treatment process.

Highlights

Arsenic is globally considered as one of the major pollutants in drinking water sources and a worldwide concern because of its toxicity and carcinogenicity [1]
Under oxidizing conditions and at pH values relevant to drinking water treatment, H3 AsO4 is present as an oxyanion in the forms of H2 AsO4 − and/or HAsO4 2−, whereas at low Eh values, arsenic becomes dominant as H3 AsO3
The objectives of the study were: (i) To assess the adsorption potential/performance of the smaller fraction of Granular Ferric Hydroxide (GFH) material with a particle size of

Summary

Introduction

Arsenic is globally considered as one of the major pollutants in drinking water sources and a worldwide concern because of its toxicity and carcinogenicity [1]. Arsenic pollution is primarily caused by natural processes, such as the weathering of rocks and minerals, followed by leaching and industrial activities that lead to the pollution of soil and. The introduction of arsenic into groundwaters is expected to occur mainly as a result of its natural geological presence in rocks [5]. Arsenite As(III) and arsenate As(V) are considered as the main oxidation states of inorganic arsenic found in natural waters. Under oxidizing conditions and at pH values relevant to drinking water treatment, H3 AsO4 is present as an oxyanion in the forms of H2 AsO4 − and/or HAsO4 2− , whereas at low Eh values, arsenic becomes dominant as H3 AsO3. As(III) species are considered as much more mobile in aquifers and cannot be adsorbed (and removed) onto the usually co-existing mineral surfaces, such as those of iron oxides. As(III) is more toxic for the biological systems, as compared to As(V) [3,7]

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Discussion

Conclusion