Abstract
The IEEE 802.15.6 standard has the potential to provide cost-effective and unobtrusive medical services to individuals with chronic health conditions. It is a low-power standard developed for wireless body area networks and enables wireless communication inside or near a human body. This standard utilizes a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol to improve network performance under different channel access priorities. However, the CSMA/CA proposed in the IEEE 802.15.6 standard has poor throughput performance and link reliability when some of the nodes deployed on a human body are hidden from each other. We employ the RTS/CTS scheme to solve hidden node problems in IEEE 802.15.6 networks over a lossy channel. To improve performance of the RTS/CTS scheme, we adjust transmission power levels of the nodes according to transmission failures. We estimate throughput and energy consumption of the proposed model by differentiating several parameters, such as contention window size, values of bit error ratios, number of nodes in different priority classes. The performance results are obtained through analytical approximations and simulations. We observe that the proposed model significantly improves performance of the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA by resolving hidden node problems.
Highlights
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide
For BER = 10−5 and BER = 10−4, it is observed that the use of the RTS/CTS scheme significantly increases overall throughput when compared with the basic IEEE 802.15.6 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
Unlike the RTS/CTS scheme, where only the RTS packet is transmitted after winning access to the channel, the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA transmits the data packet, which decreases channel utilization and throughput in case of collisions, or when hidden nodes are present in the network
Summary
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2016, 15.2 million people died as a result of ischemic heart disease and stroke globally [1]. A WBAN is comprised of small and intelligent sensors that are implanted under the human skin or deployed on the human body to monitor vital signs of patients Such sensors may be used to control several diseases such. The IEEE has developed a new standard called IEEE 802.15.6 that allows wireless communication inside or near the human body, and satisfies the WBAN requirements [10] This standard employs a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol that enables access to the channel based on different user priorities and contention window sizes. IEEE 802.15.6 network are hidden or exposed due to body shadowing effects [11] These problems may occur when the nodes are deployed on different locations with non-line of sight communication. As discussed in [11], the RTS/CTS scheme has to potential to significantly improve performance of the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA protocol
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