Abstract
For time-critical precise applications, one popular technology is the real-time precise point positioning (PPP). In recent years, there has been a rapid development in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the constellation of global BDS (BDS-3) has been fully deployed. In addition to the regional BDS (BDS-2) constellation, the real-time stream CLK93 has started to support the BDS-3 constellation, indicating that the real-time PPP processing involving BDS-3 observations is feasible. In this study, the global positioning performance of real-time PPP with BDS-3/BDS-2 observations is initially evaluated using the datasets from 147 stations. In the east, north and upward directions, positioning accuracy of 1.8, 1.2 and 2.5 cm in the static mode, and of 6.7, 5.1 and 10.4 cm in the kinematic mode can be achieved for the BDS-3/BDS-2 real-time PPP, respectively, while the corresponding convergence time with a threshold of 10 cm is 32.9, 23.7 and 32.8 min, and 66.9, 42.9 and 69.1 min in the two modes in the three directions, respectively. To complete this, the availability of BDS-3/BDS-2 constellations, the quality of BDS-3/BDS-2 real-time precise satellite products, and the BDS-3/BDS-2 post-processed PPP solutions are also analyzed. For comparison, the results for the GPS are also presented.
Highlights
With a view to the need for social and economic development as well as national security, China independently constructs and operates the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), which is one of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs)
As the observations at low elevations are vulnerable to the measurement noises and multipath errors, the elevation-dependent weighting schemes are employed for real-time BDS-3/BDS-2 precise point positioning (PPP)
It should be noted that the derived positioning performance of BDS-3/BDS-2 real-time PPP in this study could degrade when the geomagnetic activity becomes strong
Summary
With a view to the need for social and economic development as well as national security, China independently constructs and operates the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), which is one of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). As the observations at low elevations are vulnerable to the measurement noises and multipath errors, the elevation-dependent weighting schemes are employed for real-time BDS-3/BDS-2 PPP regarding the stochastic model, that is:. The weight factor is roughly set to 1.0, 1.0, 1.5 and 6.0 for BDS-2 MEO, BDS-3 MEO, BDS-2 IGSO and BDS-2 GEO satellites, respectively, according to the results of accuracy evaluation for the real-time precise products in this study. The real-time stream CLK93 can offer the precise corrections of 18 BDS-3 MEO, 3 BDS-2 MEO, 7 BDS-2 IGSO and 5 BDS-2 GEO satellites. In the performance enhancement of BDS PPP, both the IGSO and GEO satellites have potential for users in the Asia-Pacific regions. As for the GPS system, the corresponding information is detailed in Pan et al [36]
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