Performance Evaluation of GNSS Positioning with Geometric Dilution of Precision

Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has utilized time difference of arrival (TDOA) based multilateration technique. The positioning error depends on the relative geometry between satellites and user location as well as the measurements error. The Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is a function of the satellite/user geometry and can be used to characterize the accuracy of positioning. In this work, we have considered three different scenarios (open sky, indoor, and urban canyon) to evaluate the effect of GDOP in terms of position error. The low value of GDOP metric (good GDOP) is obtained in the open sky scenario with a low range of positioning error. On the other hand, in the case of indoor and urban canyon, the value of GDOP metric is high (poor GDOP), leading to a large range of position error.