Performance Evaluation of Digital Audio Watermarking Algorithm under Low Bits Rates

Abstract

Digital watermarking is a technique used to embed an extra piece of information into multimedia signals. Digital watermarking can be realized by many different methods, but common existing techniques for watermarking are confronted with the problems of perceptible quality degradation and the inherent conflict between imperceptibility and robustness, which introduced by the watermark embedding. In this paper, a novel audio zero-watermarking scheme based on lifting-based wavelet transformation (LWT) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for content authentication is proposed. First the audio is divided to frame by fixed length and then frequent components are obtained by three-level LWT in every frame. Secondly the audio frame is approximately represented as a product of a base matrix and a coefficient matrix using NMF. Finally the feature vector is obtained by quantification the coefficient matrix, and then the copyright information is obtained by calculating the watermark and feature vector. The performance of proposed algorithm is analysis by common signal processing, and experiment results show that the proposed scheme is robust and secure.Keywordsaudio watermarkingnon-negative matrix factorizationlifting-based waveletnormalized Hamming distancesignal to noise ratio