Abstract
Propagation models represent a solidifying of mathematical equations and algorithms that are used for radio signal propagation prediction in specific regions. In this research different propagation models are analyzed and compared. These propagation models have been proposed at the operating frequency of 3.8 GHz for different transmitter antenna heights in all types of terrain. These propagation models depend on location, frequency range and clutter type such as urban, suburban and countryside. We have to bear in mind that the results of the path loss estimation of Free Space model are identical and equal to (119 dB) for 18 m and 34 m transmitter antenna heights at 3.8 GHz in urban environment. It is obvious that Egli model shows the highest path loss values in rural environment as compared with the other models. By the end of this paper, a developed empirical radio propagation model is proposed to be appropriate in urban and rural environments.
Highlights
Existence of the poor sign strength and way deprivation due to the step-down of ability compactness of an electromagnetic wave when it passes through obstruction and multi way propagation environment has been a main defiance over many years in the use of wireless communication systems and this phenomenon is extremely seen in city with many obstacles and high population density (Emagbetere and Edeko, 2009).The concept that electromagnetic signal has the capacity of propagating over considerable distances with the velocity of igniter was first proposed by (Maxwell, 1865)
It is obvious that Egli model shows the highest path loss values in rural environment as compared with the other models
Attention should be paid to the results of the path loss estimation of Free Space model which are identical and equal to (109.4 dB) and (106.4 dB) at 3.5 and 2.5 GHz, respectively in urban environment
Summary
Existence of the poor sign strength and way deprivation due to the step-down of ability compactness of an electromagnetic wave when it passes through obstruction and multi way propagation environment has been a main defiance over many years in the use of wireless communication systems and this phenomenon is extremely seen in city with many obstacles and high population density (Emagbetere and Edeko, 2009). The previous work (Zakaria, 2014) compared and analyzed various propagation models (COST 231 Hata Model, Stanford University Interim (SUI) Model and Ericsson Model) These propagation models have been proposed for operating frequency at 2.5 GHz for different receiver antenna heights in all types of the environments (urban, suburban and rural). Where: fc = The frequency in MHz ht = The base station height in meters hr = The mobile station height in meters a(hr) = The mobile antenna height correction factor l = The link distance in km C = 0dB for medium cities or suburban centers with medium tree density and equal 3 dB for metropolitan centers This model represents the behaviour of cellular communication systems in large metropolis. Path loss was calculated by using all the former mentioned parameters in urban, suburban and rural environments
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