Performance Evaluation and Security Analysis of UAV-Based FSO/CV-QKD System Employing DP-QPSK/CD

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based on free-space optical (FSO) systems combine the benefits of both the high data rate of the FSO and the mobility of UAV. However, cumulative effects of laser beam divergence and turbulence-induced fading on the received irradiance in the FSO link might allow an external eavesdropper located near the authorized receiver to break the transmission under certain conditions. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique of secure communication that employs quantum mechanics-based cryptography principles. A combination of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and Gaussian modulation of quantum coherent states (GMCS) enables a relatively secure communication system against collective attacks over FSO transmission links. However, the performance is restricted and degraded due to the influence of atmospheric turbulence and excess noise. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of a secured UAV-based FSO system utilizing prepare and measure CV-QKD protocol based on GMCS under collective attack in terms of quantum bit error rate (QBER), outage probability, and secret key rate (SKR) considering the impairments of the FSO channel, link budget, deviations in the position and attitude angles of the UAV, channel fluctuating transmittance, and excess noise. The system parameters, including transmit power, receiver’s field-of-view, and beam divergence angle, are optimized to satisfy the system’s design criteria of threshold-QBER <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and threshold outage probability <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=10^{-2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . The proposed system tolerates boresight displacement up to 7 cm with the optimized values. The Closed-form expressions and analytical results are confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations.