Abstract
Energy-efficient communication is one of the main concerns of wireless sensor networks nowadays. A commonly employed approach for achieving energy efficiency has been the use of duty-cycled operation of the radio, where the node's transceiver is turned off and on regularly, listening to the radio channel for possible incoming communication during its on-state. Nonetheless, such a paradigm performs poorly for scenarios of low or bursty traffic because of unnecessary activations of the radio transceiver. As an alternative technology, Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems present a promising energy-efficient network operation, where target devices are only activated in an on-demand fashion by means of a special radio signal and a WuR receiver. In this paper, we analyze a novel wake-up radio approach that integrates both data communication and wake-up functionalities into one platform, providing a reconfigurable radio operation. Through physical experiments, we characterize the delay, current consumption and overall operational range performance of this approach under different transmit power levels. We also present an actual single-hop WuR application scenario, as well as demonstrate the first true multi-hop capabilities of a WuR platform and simulate its performance in a multi-hop scenario. Finally, by thorough qualitative comparisons to the most relevant WuR proposals in the literature, we state that the proposed WuR system stands out as a strong candidate for any application requiring energy-efficient wireless sensor node communications.
Highlights
As wireless networks are involved in our daily lives more and more, the challenges they bring get more pronounced
We chose a bit-rate of 2,730 bps, since empirical evaluations show that sending Wake-up Call (WuC) at higher bit-rates results in a challenging signal for the envelope detector and data slicer of the WuRx, which leads to both operational range and WuC detection rate decrease
In order to test the performance of the SubCarrier Modulation (SCM)-Wake-up Radio (WuR) approach under the multi-hop scenario, we developed an OMNET++ [12] model for our SCM-WuR boards and defined a convergecast tree topology depicted in Figure 12, i.e., where several sensor nodes periodically send their vibration measurements to a sink
Summary
As wireless networks are involved in our daily lives more and more, the challenges they bring get more pronounced. WuC, the node’s MicroController Unit (MCU) and main data communication radio remain in deep sleep This wake-up approach can be used in different applications, e.g., to retrieve information from environmental pollution sensors placed in a city by a mobile collector node, or to activate a sleeping wireless Access Point. Wake-up Radio systems reduce or even eliminate the aforementioned energy inefficiency of duty-cycling This represents an important benefit since during the active period of duty-cycled nodes, where listening and transmitting take place, the node’s MCU and main data transceiver present current consumption values in the order of mA [2,3]. Upon reception of a WuC, WuRx triggers the MCU of the receiving node to switch from a very low-power sleeping state to an active state Nodes set their radio transceivers to data communication mode to communicate in a traditional fashion.
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