Performance enhancement in MA0.7FA0.3PbI3 based perovskite solar cell by gradient doping

Abstract

The mixed organic cation-based perovskite solar cells have attracted researcher attention due to their stability as compared to other perovskite material-based cells. The present manuscript has investigated the cell structures, i.e., FTO/SnO2/MA0.7FA0.3PbI3/HTL free/Au and FTO/SnO2/ MA0.7FA0.3PbI3 /CuInSe2 (HTL)/Au using SCAPS software. The performance of both the structures is studied using uniform doping and gradient doping method. The effect of absorber thickness and uniform doping in the absorber layer resulted in an efficiency of 13.21% for HTL free structure and 19.78% with HTL structure. Furthermore, the effect of doping gradient, average doping gradient, defect density in the absorber and interface defect density are studied in both the structures. After optimization of these parameters, an improved performance is obtained, i.e., efficiency of 18.08% for HTL free and 23.97% with HTL. The present study simplifies the manufacturing techniques by diving the absorber layer into four sublayers of equal thickness with the optimised value of the doping gradient. It is suggested that by considering two sublayers, one can achieve the highest cell performance using gradient doping method. Our results provide an effective technique to the experimentalist for fabricating the highly efficient device.