Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source of energy. It can be produced from a wide range of feedstocks which can be grown in marginal land use. It has drawn more attention to the researchers. In this study, the oil extraction, biodiesel conversion, and physiochemical properties of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and Grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) biodiesels are presented. The experimental investigation of diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics were conducted using B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel by volume) and B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% diesel by volume) blends. The engine performance parameters, such as brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) have been investigated in this experiment. The emission parameters, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), the ratio of CO2/CO, nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM) have been measured during the experiment. Finally, the combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure (CP) were recorded, and heat release rate (HRR) was analysed and compared with that of diesel fuel. The study revealed that the Macadamia biodiesel performed better than Grapeseed biodiesel and behaved closely to that of diesel fuel. A significant reduction of engine emissions was found in the case of Macadamia biodiesel with a minimal reduction of engine performance. Further analysis of energy, exergy and tribological characteristics of the Macadamia biodiesel is recommended for assessing its feasibility for commercial application.
Highlights
The energy demand is growing faster than the population growth in the world
The increase of biodiesel blend resulted in a reduction in Brake Power (BP) due to the lower heating value of the biodiesel compared to diesel as agreed by
It can be found that all the biodiesel blends investigated in this study reduced the carbon monoxide (CO) emission when compared with diesel fuel
Summary
The energy demand is growing faster than the population growth in the world. The total population which is overgrowing in recent decades is expected to be 10 billion people to reside in the Energies 2020, 13, 2748; doi:10.3390/en13112748 www.mdpi.com/journal/energiesEnergies 2020, 13, 2748 globe by 2050. The energy demand is growing faster than the population growth in the world. The total population which is overgrowing in recent decades is expected to be 10 billion people to reside in the Energies 2020, 13, 2748; doi:10.3390/en13112748 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. Energies 2020, 13, 2748 globe by 2050. The demand for energy will increase substantially every year. Energy has become one of the most leading necessities for humanity. In order to sustainably fulfil the energy crisis, the world’s growing population has required more energy for their survival. The increase in population, modernisation of the community, and improvement in lifestyle have been rising the energy demand. The growth in the energy sector from other sources will fulfil this demand [1]. The increase in energy demand leads us towards finding an alternative source of renewable energy
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