Performance Comparison of Electronic PMD Equalizers for Coherent PDM QPSK Systems

Abstract

Polarization division multiplexed (PDM) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) coherent optical systems employ blind adaptive linear electronic equalizers for polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation. In this paper, we compute the performance of various adaptive, fractionally spaced, feed-forward electronic equalizers, using the outage probability as a criterion. A parallel programming implementation of the multicanonical Monte Carlo method is developed, which automatically performs concurrent loop computation on multicore processors, for the estimation of the tails of the outage probability distribution. The constant modulus algorithm (CMA), the decision-directed least mean squares (DD-LMS), and their combination are applied for the adaptation of electronic equalizer filter coefficients. In the exclusive presence of PMD, we demonstrate that half-symbol-period-spaced CMA-based adaptive electronic equalizers perform slightly better than their DD-LMS counterparts, at links with strong PMD, whereas the opposite holds true at the weak PMD regime. It is shown that the successive application of CMA and DD-LMS with 20 complex, half-symbol-period-spaced taps per finite impulse response filter is adequate to reduce the outage probability of coherent PDM QPSK systems to less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , for a mean differential group delay of more than twice the symbol period.