Abstract
This study evaluated the performance, body water balance, ingestive behavior and blood metabolites in goats fed with cactus pear silage subjected to an intermittent water supply. Thirty-six goats were distributed in a randomized block design arranged as a 3 × 3 factorial with cactus pear silage in the goats’ diet (on a 0%, 21% and 42% dry matter-DM basis) and water offer frequency (ad libitum, and 24 and 48 h water restrictions). There was an interaction only between the cactus pear silage level and water offerings for drinking water. Goats fed 42% cactus pear silage had greater intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates, energy, Ca, Mg and Na minerals, water intake, urinary water excretion, body water retention and nutrient digestibility. Cactus pear silage inclusion up to a 42% rate reduced eating and ruminating time and increased the time spent idling as well as the eating and the ruminating efficiency rate. Water restriction at 48 h reduced drinking water intake. Performance and blood metabolites were not affected by cactus silage inclusion or water offering. Cactus pear silage inclusion at up to 42% for goats is recommended during periods of water shortage in semiarid and arid regions because it improves eating, the ruminating efficiency rate, and body water retention; cactus pear silage inclusion at this rate reduces water consumption and it does not affect the performance or health of the animals.
Highlights
Semiarid and arid regions around the world harbor large herds of small ruminants that are subjected to water and feed scarcity, which has intensified with the effects of climate change [1]
Bispo et al [7], while investigating the feed of sheep, observed that water intake decreased from 3.25 L/d to 0.44 L/d when forage cactus pear was used as feed from 0 to 560 g/Kg of dry matter (DM), substituting for elephant grass
Thirty-six castrated male crossbreed goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.2 ± 7.23 Kg and 8 months of age were distributed in a randomized block design, and treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial, using three levels of cactus pear silage (0, 21 and 42% DM total) and intermittent daily offers of water or water every 24 or 48 h
Summary
Semiarid and arid regions around the world harbor large herds of small ruminants that are subjected to water and feed scarcity, which has intensified with the effects of climate change [1]. The meat of small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, is a food source in many parts of the world, and the high adaptability of these animals in semiarid and arid areas allows them to use water efficiently [3,4]. Forage cactus pear is an excellent alternative for increasing water availability through feed [8,9,10] and is widely used as a feed ingredient in sheep diets in semiarid and arid regions because of its good adaptability to soil and weather conditions [11]
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