Abstract
Abstract Designing the Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) consists of finding out pipe sizes such that the demands are satisfied and the desired performance levels are achieved at minimum cost. However, WDNs are subject to many future changes such as an increase (or decrease) in demand due to population change and migration, changes in water availability due to seasonal and climatic change, etc. Thus, the capacity expansion of WDNs needs to be performed such that the cost of interventions made is minimum while satisfying the demand and performance requirements at various time periods. Therefore, the current study proposed a Dynamic Programming (DP) framework for capacity expansion of WDNs and solved using Multi-Objective Self Adaptive Differential Evolution (MOSADE). The methodology is tested on three benchmark WDNs, namely Two-loop (TL), GoYang, and Blacksburg (BLA) WDNs, and applied to a real case study of the Badlapur region, Maharashtra, India. The results show that the proposed methodology leads to effective Pareto optimal fronts, making it an efficient method for solving WDN expansion problems. Subsequently, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis was performed on the obtained Pareto-optimal solutions to determine the most suitable solution based on three criteria: Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of expansions, hydraulic reliability, and mechanical reliability. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is its capability to consider hydraulic performance as well as structural integrity and demand satisfaction in the face of hydraulic and mechanical failures.
Highlights
Water demand is one of the most crucial input variables that may change in the future and alter the performance of the Water Distribution Networks (WDNs)
In order to test the efficacy of the proposed methodology (Figure 3), first it is applied for a few benchmark WDNs
The Multi-Objective Self Adaptive Differential Evolution (MOSADE)-Dynamic Programming (DP) framework was used for generation of Pareto optimal solution to the WDN expansion problems, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology was used for finding out the most suitable solution from the obtained Pareto optimal solutions considering three criteria (i) minimum Life Cycle Cost (LCC), (ii) maximum hydraulic reliability, and (iii) maximum mechanical reliability
Summary
Water demand is one of the most crucial input variables that may change in the future and alter the performance of the Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). Water demand depends on factors such as population and per capita water consumption. The future water demand of any area increases (or decreases) based on the changes in these factors. Water availability may get affected due to factors such as a change in climatic and seasonal conditions. It is necessary to consider these future uncertainties for designing the WDNs. considering the various future uncertainties, the design of WDNs is an inquisitive task. Expansions need to be planned so that satisfactory performance is achieved at all stages, and the cost of these interventions is minimal
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