Abstract
Irrigation schemes management in Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam has an extreme significance to ensure the multi-objective water supply and the health of the Red River. This study is drawn upon mostly primary data sources including results of water supply assessment of economic industries and the status quo of hydraulic works (pumping station, canals, gates, regulating reservoirs, etc.) along the Red river (study area inside the territory of Vietnam), then compare the results against the value of water supply capacity of irrigation schemes in the context of effectiveness of hydraulic works has not yet achieved as original designs (approximately 60%). From that point, identifying the relationships between - trade off - the water supply and healthy of the Red river. The results of the comparison show that the water supply for agriculture production will increase dramatically in 2020 approximately from 8 bill.m3/year compared to actual demand of about 13.65 bill.m<sup>3</sup>/year. And, more irrigation water may be more harmful for the Red river’s health, which is absolutely correct in the context of irrigation schemes also supply for other sectors such as industry, drinking water, aquaculture farms, etc. The results of this study are conclusive evidence to promote the implementation of a number of water policies in the Red River Delta.
Highlights
Vietnam is a country located at downstream of major rivers, with 2,360 rivers, total reserve of surface water is estimated at about 830-840 bill.m3, in which three-quarters of the water flowing from abroad into the territory [1]
A more detailed analysis of water pollution issues raised in the Red river as follows: 1) The water quality: after water is used in the irrigated lands, it will drain back to the Red river, and irrigated water carries a lot of the residual of plant protection products, fertilizer on the field, waste discharge from handicraft villages, industry parks, etc.; these results show through the BOD5, COD, DO, Coliform, etc. indicators exceeds the permissible standards in the drain gates of irrigation schemes along the Red river (Item 3.2); in consequence, poor water quality and pollution have negative impact on ecological characteristics of the Red river
More irrigation water may be more harmful for the Red River health, that is absolutely correct in the context of the hydraulic works supply for other economic sectors such as industry, drinking water, aquaculture farms, etc
Summary
Vietnam is a country located at downstream of major rivers, with 2,360 rivers, total reserve of surface water is estimated at about 830-840 bill.m3, in which three-quarters of the water flowing from abroad into the territory [1]. The two largest river basins of Vietnam are Mekong River (South) and Red River (North). According to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) of Vietnam, Red River Basin (RRB) is approximately 169,020 km, of which 81,240 km (48%) in China’s territory, 1,100 km (0.65%) in Laos and 86,660 km. Red river has a length of 1,149 km, in which, the length in the territory of Vietnam is about 328 km [2]. Red River Delta (RRD) is one such delta (approximately 23,336 km2) [3], account for 7,1% Vietnam's area
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