Performance assessment of a distribution system by simultaneous optimal positioning of electric vehicle charging stations and distributed generators

Abstract

Extensive penetration of Renewable Energy based Distributed Generator (REDG) units in a Distribution System necessitates its efficient and optimal applicability. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) is currently gaining importance steadily in a distribution system due to its environmental compatibility. However, suitable positioning of PEV is a mandate as it increases the overall demand of the system and has appreciable impact on the system's technical performance in terms of losses, voltage profile, penetration level, to name a few. This paper proposes a simple apparent power loss driven technique of Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) placement along with a REDG unit in a distribution system taking time-driven load models into consideration. The initial State of Charge of the PEV is reformulated taking traffic and weather conditions, proportional distance covered by the electric vehicle and non-availability of EVCS into consideration using Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis and Bayesian optimization techniques. An optimum combination of different sets of PEV with proportional distance coverage is considered. Results are validated on the basis of computation of three REDG assessment indices in comparison with an arbitrary slot of positioning of the above elements.