Abstract
Although the fully grouted tension anchorage system (T-anchorage system) has been widely used in the field of anchoring of earthen heritage sites, it has always suffered from the failure of the bolt–slurry interface debonding and the strong attenuation of the shear stress of the bolt–slurry interface along the embedment length. In this article, a new type of fully grouted tension–compression composite anchorage system (TC-anchorage system) is proposed, which is made up of a pressure bearing system with the same diameter of the anchor hole at the end of the tension bolt. The in situ anchorage, pull-out test and interfacial stress–strain monitoring were carried out for the T-anchorage systems and the TC-anchorage systems. This was based on the preliminary analysis and comparison of the structure and working mechanism of the two anchorage systems. The test results show that: the average ultimate load of the TC-anchorage system is about 40% higher than that of the T-anchorage system. TC-anchorage systems have the characteristics of small elastic deformation and large plastic deformation. The strain at the bolt–slurry interface varies progressively along the embedded length with the increase of load in a positive skewness–bimodal–negative skewness curve. The working mechanism of TC-anchorage systems includes three progressive stages: bolt–slurry interface debonding, conical slurry formation and slurry extrusion. The research conclusion provides a reference for the application of TC-anchorage systems in the protection and reinforcement of earthen heritage sites.
Highlights
Earthen heritage sites are the cultural heritage with soil as the main building material
Based on the results and analysis of failure mode, ultimate load, load–displacement relationship and interface strain distribution along embedment length of in situ pull-out test of TC-anchorage system, it can be concluded that the TC-anchorage system has excellent anchorage performance
In order to have a clearer understanding of the working mechanism of TC-anchorage system, it is necessary to make a preliminary discussion on the experimental results, the failure mechanism of the anchorage system and the mechanism of the mechanical interaction between the bolt and the slurry
Summary
Earthen heritage sites are the cultural heritage with soil as the main building material They are the direct physical evidence of the origin and evolution of human civilization and the important historical roots of excellent traditional culture. The above-mentioned bolts and slurry have insufficient durability, and the deformation of them are respectively inconsistent with that of earthen heritage sites [1]. These anchorage materials can not be directly applied to the reinforcement of earthen heritage sites, and the corresponding research results can only be used as a reference
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