Performance and stability enhancement of mixed dimensional bilayer inverted perovskite (BA2PbI4/MAPbI3) solar cell using drift-diffusion model

Abstract

A variety of classic photovoltaic technologies, such as multi-crystal silicon and copper indium gallium selenide, have been exceeded by organometal halide perovskite solar cells, which have made significant advancements in the cost-effective manufacturing method as well as the high power conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the unfavourable operational stability of perovskite solar cells is impeding the commercialization of the technology. When exposed to critical environmental factors such as rising moisture and intense sunlight, perovskite solar cells suffer lattice degradation and lose their ability to harvest energy. As a result, enhancing the stability of perovskite cells is one of the most important variables in determining the next wave of progress for the technology. While there have been numerous techniques reported to improve the stability of perovskite-based photovoltaic cell, the construction of a more than one dimension (2D/3D) perovskite as the light absorbing layer has recently emerged as one of the most reliable strategies to stabilise the perovskite-based device without compromising photo physical performance. Herein, we have computationally simulated p-i-n device configuration composed of ITO/NiO/2D perovskite/3D perovskite/PCBM/Au. The Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases of two-dimensional perovskite act as a cover layer, which inhibits the deterioration of 3D perovskite in an open-air environment. Both optical and electrical simulation is performed using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). Simulation findings showed that the enhancements in overall performance are due to the decrease in the trap state's density and better coordination of the band between the 2D/3D perovskite and the hole-transporting materials. Effects of the interfacial defects (2D perovskite/HTL and 3D perovskite/ETL) on solar cell parameters are also performed. Simulation results reveal that the defects at 3D perovskite/ETL interfacial are more dominating in overall performance degradation. Parametric differences, such as thickness of various layers, standard solar spectra, further refine the proposed architecture. The multidimensional-based architecture proposed in this work resulted in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.6%.