Performance and mechanism of simultaneous nitrification–denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal in long-term moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)

Abstract

The long-term moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with carrier-attached biofilm was successfully operated for simultaneous removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD at various C/N ratios. Results indicated that 99.60%, 63.58%, 78.94%, and 59.64% of NH4+-N, NO3–-N, TN, and TP were removed at C/N ratio, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and carrier film amount of 5, 40 h, and 1.2 mg·g−1. Nitrogen balance analysis showed that more than 89% of nitrogen (C/N = 20, 15, 10, 5) was converted to gas products. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), electron transport system activity (ETSA), and enzyme activity of biofilm were evaluated. Protein (PN)/polysaccharose (PS) values and ETSA decreased with the decrease of C/N ratios. Metagenomics sequencing further revealed that the prominent phyla for nitrogen and phosphorus removal were identified including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi. Proteobacteriaand Gammaproteobacteria were identified as the dominant denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) at the phylum and class level, respectively.