Abstract
Based on the Diels–Alder reaction and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binders of solid propellants, two novel compounds—furfuryl-terminated polybutadiene (FTPB) and trifurfuryl propane (TFP)—were designed and synthesized, and their structures were characterized. A new kind of reversible Diels–Alder reaction system was formed by FTPB as main resin, N,N′-1,3-phenylenedimaleimide (PDMI) as curing agent and TFP as chain extender. The results showed that this system had good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 1.76 MPa and a tensile strain of 284% after curing, and the repair efficiency of the crack was 88%. Therefore, it could be used as a novel binder of energetic materials such as solid propellant and PBX explosives to provide them with self-repairing characteristics and improve the reliability for application.
Highlights
The ability of the damaged organisms responding appropriately to restore their own performance, which is termed as self-repairing, has been used in material applications
When a binder for the energetic material is affected by heat as well as mechanical and chemical factors, the defects of the microcracks may be generated inside the energetic material, which can have a significant effect on the mechanical properties and application reliability of the energetic materials
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene esterified with 2-furoic acid at 25 ◦ C in dichloromethane, wherein DMAP was used as an esterification catalyst [18], DCC was used as a dehydrating agent [19], and the by-product 1,3-dicyclohexylurea (DCU) generated from DCC after water absorption was insoluble in dichloromethane, so that the reaction solution was a milky white turbid liquid
Summary
The ability of the damaged organisms responding appropriately to restore their own performance, which is termed as self-repairing, has been used in material applications. Based on whether the repair agent is used, the self-repairing process of polymer materials can be divided into extrinsic and intrinsic methods [1]. Hydroxyl-terminated poly-butadiene (HTPB) can be cured by isocyanate-based curing agent with good mechanical properties. It is the most commonly used binder of energetic materials such as composite solid propellant, PBX explosive, gas generating agent, and many more [13]. Due to the addition of repair agents tending to affect the mechanical and energy properties, and the prohibition to use on the repair conditions such as ultraviolet light and electric field when energetic materials containing metal component charge, so the Diels–Alder reaction is more suitable for constructing a reversible cross-linked repair reaction in energetic materials applications. It is expected to provide a new kind of self-repairing binder for energetic materials such as solid propellants
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