Abstract
This study attempted to treat POMSE via photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) using different types of commercial membranes (NF-TS 40, UF-UA 60, MF-PVDF, and MF-PES membranes). The results showed that nanofiltration membrane (NF-TS 40) demonstrated the best performance due to the greater photodegradation efficiency and less fouling propensity. The best PMR condition using NF-TS 40 membrane indicated the most effective performance with greater normalized flux (0.33) and higher removal percentage of colour (99.84%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (99.97%), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (96.24%), and turbidity (99.89%). The severity of membrane fouling based on the membrane characterisation showed a declining trend when using NF membrane in terms of foulant layer and surface roughness. Thus, the finding from this study can be set as a benchmark of an effective polishing method to treat POMSE for water reclamation due to the mitigation of membrane fouling and better performance in producing a good quality permeate.
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