Performance and Exhaust Emission Optimization of a Dual Fuel Engine by Response Surface Methodology

Raj Kamaraj,Haiter Allasi,Arul Panimayam,Jinu Gowthami Thankachi Raghuvaran

doi:10.3390/en11123508

Abstract

A central composite face-centered design (CCFD) was employed to examine the optimal conditions for the compression ratio of the Sardine Fish Oil Methyl Ester (SFOME) blend to the Thermal cracked Cashew Shell Nut Liquid T-CSNL blend by simultaneously considering the brake thermal efficiency (BTE), the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions as response variables. The experimental results obtained were analyzed with the help of Design Expert software, and output response predictions were fitted with a polynomial quadratic model of the second degree. The maximum overall desirability obtained for the entire model was 0.7506 with a compression ratio of 19.31 and blend ratios of 20% for SFOME and 15.72% for T-CSNL by volume proportion. Under optimum conditions, it was found that the predicted and experimental results were very similar, and it can be concluded that the quadratic model of second-order can precisely predict the performance and emission characteristics of engines.

Highlights

The demand for energy resources across the globe has been constantly increasing due to the exhaustion of fossil fuels and their environmental impacts
The experimental results showed that Thermal Cracking of CSNL (T-CSNL)–Sardine Fish Oil Methyl Ester (SFOME) diesel blends produce high engine performance with a reduced emission of gases (CO, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke) from the exhaust at higher loads and they are comparable to diesel fuel at low and medium loads
response surface methodology (RSM)-developed polynomial models of second models were developed from the experimental results

Summary

Introduction

The demand for energy resources across the globe has been constantly increasing due to the exhaustion of fossil fuels and their environmental impacts. Stringent emission standards fixed by the government agencies have compelled researchers to find substitutions for fossil fuels to reduce environmental deterioration and to provide available renewable fuels for use in internal combustion engines [1]. In this regard, in order to protect the global environment, it has become essential to develop unconventional sources of fuel similar to conventional petroleum fuels. The excess use of fossil fuel has led to the depletion of fossil resources [2].

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