Performance and Emission Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil Obtained from Neem de Oiled Cake and Waste Polystyrene in a Compression Ignition Engine

D Raguraman,Pandurang Y Patil,S Prasanna Raj Yadav,C Sowmya Dhanalakshmi,P Madhu,Aditya Kumar,J Isaac Joshuaramesh Lalvani,J Samson Isaac,Erol Yilmaz

doi:10.1155/2021/3728852

Abstract

Plastic is a resilient, chemically inert, lightweight, and low-cost material. It sticks around in the environment for more than hundred years, threatening nature and spreading toxins. The current study deals with the use of waste polymeric materials and de oiled cake for the production of liquid oil and its blend on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The tests were conducted in an engine fuelled with diesel and four distinct blends such as 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 15% (B15), and 20% (B20), respectively. The liquid oil was produced by co-pyrolysis of neem de oiled cake (NDC) and waste polystyrene (WPS) in 1 : 2 blend ratio. The raw pyrolysis oil and its different blends were tested for their physical and chemical characteristics in order to find their suitability. Brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are used to assess the performance of the engine. The experimental results reveal that BTE at all blends is lower than diesel at all loads and the BSFC increases with increasing blend ratio and falls with increasing engine load. At higher loads, the deviation of performance and emission values from baseline diesel up to B10 is very small. It is found from the results that the liquid oil derived from NDC and WPS up to 10% blend will be the promising additive for fossil fuels.

Highlights

Many countries in the world have launched zero plastic waste initiative, which seeks to boost collection of wastes and recovery of value added products and eliminate plastic contamination throughout the plastics lifecycle. e increase in the global population and need for polymeric materials in all sectors led to a rise in the gathering of waste polymer materials in the environment
It is rich in protein, with higher nutritional value. These cakes are processed for making fertilizers and sometimes they are used for cooking purpose. e waste polystyrene used for packing electronic goods was collected from local scrap vendors. e two feed materials used for this study are complete industrial waste products
The density and kinematic viscosity are observed in increased trends. e flash and fire points of the blended fuels are increased up to B10; after that, the values are decreased till B20. e cetane number of the raw co-pyrolysis oil is very low compared to diesel, and the reductions in cetane number with respect to higher blends are ascribed to the presence of polystyrene contents [30]. e calorific value of the blended fuel was directly impacted by the presence of oxygen in the blend [31]

Summary

Introduction

Many countries in the world have launched zero plastic waste initiative, which seeks to boost collection of wastes and recovery of value added products and eliminate plastic contamination throughout the plastics lifecycle. e increase in the global population and need for polymeric materials in all sectors led to a rise in the gathering of waste polymer materials in the environment. By 2040, the rapid development of automobiles keeps continued fuel consumption all over the world which consumes around 25% of global energy, and it is found to increase more than 160 quadrillion BTU [4]. Soudagar et al conducted engine analysis using different blends of cottonseed oil biodiesel with various percentages of octanol additives along with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The engine operated with blended biodiesel offers high peak pressure and higher heat release rate than neat diesel fuel [8]. In order to enhance the performance of the engine, Vinukumar et al conducted the engine experiment with the addition of coconut shell nanoparticles with diesel and biodiesel blend. The engine operated with various blends of mahua biodiesel and sardine fish oil biodiesel showed better performance compared to diesel fuel [11, 12]

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Results

Conclusion