Performance and Complexity Analysis of Conventional and Deep Learning Equalizers for the High-Speed IMDD PON

Abstract

To accommodate the exponential growth of network services in the five-generation (5G) and beyond wireless system, 50 Gb/s/λ passive optical network (PON) is developed for mobile xhaul applications. Intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) technology together with digital signal procession (DSP) is being considered as the promising solution for 50 Gb/s/λ PON due to its low cost, low power consumption, and compact footprint. Different DSP algorithms with varied structures are proposed for linear and nonlinear impairments compensation in the high-speed PON, while the performance and complexity analysis of these algorithms is still missing. To find the most efficient equalizers, in this paper, four conventional equalizers, including feed-forward equalizer, decision feedback equalizer (DFE), Volterra equalizer (Vol) and Volterra DFE equalizer (Vol-DFE), together with two deep learning equalizers namely fully-connected neural network, and long short-term memory equalizer are experimentally compared in a 10G optics based 50G-PON system in terms of the equalization performance, computation complexity, optimization difficulty, and generalization ability. After the evaluation of our proposed fair comparison algorithm, we consider Vol-DFE is the most efficient one considering both performance and complexity. Attributes to the strong and efficient equalization capability of Vol-DFE, C-band 50 Gb/s PAM-4 signal transmission can be supported in a 10G optics based IMDD system with a 3 dB bandwidth of 6.11 GHz, and a power budget up to 38 dB can be achieved.