Abstract
Diethanolamine and formaldehyde were employed to cationize tannins from black wattle. This novel coagulant called CDF was functionally characterized in removing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (anionic surfactant) and Palatine Fast Black WAN (azoic dye). Refined tannin-derived commercial coagulants exhibited similar efficiency, while CDF presented higher coagulant ability than alum, a usual coagulant agent. Low doses of CDF (ca. 100 mg L−1) were able to remove more than 70 % of surfactant and more than 85 % of dye (initial pollutant concentration of ca. 100 mg L−1) and it presented no temperature affection and worked at a relatively wide pH range. Surfactant and dye removal responded to the classical coagulant-and-adsorption models, such as Frumkin–Fowler–Guggenheim or Gu and Zhu in the case of surfactant, and Langmuir and Freundlich in the case of dye.
Highlights
Since the mid 1950s, the development of industrial areas has grown exponentially in the so-called First World and emerging countries
Diethanolamine and formaldehyde were employed to cationize tannins from black wattle. This novel coagulant called CDF was functionally characterized in removing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and Palatine Fast Black WAN
Palatine Fast Black WAN is the dye selected in the current investigation
Summary
Since the mid 1950s, the development of industrial areas has grown exponentially in the so-called First World and emerging countries In this scenario, the need to implement new and cheaper water treatment technologies has arisen to. The need for advising about the toxicity of such compounds is widely reported in scientific literature and seems not to decrease in the recent years (Beltran-Heredia et al 2011c) As it is generally accepted, many dyes are toxic and present even carcinogenic effects. Some of them are used in the pharmaceutical production, but the large exposure to them can cause several harmful effects Effluents containing those persistent contaminants can be highly toxic and extremely injurious to both aquatic and terrestrial life forms (Cabaco et al 2008). We have selected this dye as a model compound due to its implications presented elsewhere (Beltran-Heredia et al 2011c)
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