Abstract
The performance of a two-stage pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) for power generation with a total membrane length of 1 meter was investigated and analyzed in this work. Two feed configurations of freshwater and seawater were studied: one with the freshwater entering at the first stage only and the other with freshwater entering at both stages. The effect of membrane length and flow ratio between freshwater and seawater on the PRO performance were also examined. The results revealed that the performances of both feed configurations were quite similar. The membrane with a shorter length offered a higher average power density than that of a longer length. It was also revealed that the flow ratio had a strong influence on the average power density produced. The maximum average power density of 10.15 W/m2 was obtained at the applied hydraulic pressure of 12 bar, the flow ratio of 5, and the membrane length of both stages of 0.5 meter. The best water utilization was achieved at 65%.
Highlights
Electricity demand is continually increasing because it is essential for household and industrial activities
When the applied hydraulic pressure is lower than the osmotic pressure, power density is increased while water utilization is decreased
The effect of flow ratio on power density and water utilization of each stage is studied in a range of 1 to 7 and shown in Figure 3a – 3d
Summary
Electricity demand is continually increasing because it is essential for household and industrial activities. Thinfilm composite membranes have been developed to reduce the effect of ICP and ECP They can provide high water permeability and produce a power density of 6 W/m2 or higher [5]. Naguib et al [6] found that the power density is lost along the membrane length since thin-film of draw concentration is covered on the support layer of the membrane He et al [7] proposed two-stage PRO configurations and compared with the single-stage PRO. The effect of parameters such as flow ratio between draw solution and feed solution, applied hydraulic pressure, the fresh feed ratio to feed each stage, the flow ratio of draw solution and feed solution (QD/QF), and membrane length in each stage was investigated in terms of power density and water utilization
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
