Abstract
From the Internet of Energy point of view, adjacent building combined cooling, heating and power with microgrids (BCCHP microgrids) should be interconnected, which will generate better benefits, both economically and environmentally, from scarce energy resources through intelligent coordination. The interconnected-BCCHP (IBCCHP) microgrids will not only support energy with each other but also bring better benefits compared to the non-interconnected-BCCHP (NBCCHP) microgrids. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) economic dispatching approach incorporating piecewise linear efficiency curves model is proposed to compares the performance of IBCCHP microgrids and NBCCHP microgrids. Three buildings with CCHP microgrids in Shanghai are studied as an example, and simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the primary energy consumption (PEC), the carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) and the operation cost of the proposed IBCCHP microgrids are better than the NBCCHP microgrids, and the overall lifetime of the complete battery is improved. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is presented to provide various policy recommendations to promote the interconnection among buildings with the change of electricity prices and gas prices.
Highlights
The energy crisis and rising air pollution have led to a greater worldwide focus on the Internet of Energy, which will improve energy resource through intelligent coordination [1]
IBCCHP microgrids combined with operating modes are divided into four modes in accordance with the P√V subsidy policy and interactions with the main grid and the IBCCHP microgrids in Table 1, in which ‘ ’ means that source is in the IBCCHP microgrid
Comparing IBCCHP microgrids with NBCCHP microgrids, the annual operation cost is reduced by 1.7 × 105 Yuan, and the carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) and primary energy consumption (PEC) are reduced by 1.9 × 105 kg and 3 × 104 kWh, respectively, in Mode 1
Summary
The energy crisis and rising air pollution have led to a greater worldwide focus on the Internet of Energy, which will improve energy resource through intelligent coordination [1]. The main difference between CCHP microgrids and traditional CCHP systems is that the former satisfy the cooling, heating, and power demands of certain types of customers (such as office buildings, hotels, schools, commercial malls, and industrial loads), and interacts with the main grid to provide a reserve, peak-shaving, and demand response services, as well as improved capabilities for integrating renewable energy sources [21]. The optimization model for planning operation of CCHP systems was presented in [34,35,36], and the BCHP optimization problem was solved by converting the mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model by appropriate piecewise linear approximation of the nonlinear performance curve. Sectiioonn 3 describes four operational modes of the IBCCHP microgrids in China and formulates three performance criteria (PEC, operation cost and CDE) totoeveavlualauteatseyssteymstepmerfporemrfaonrmceabnectewebeentwtheeenNBtCheCHNPBmCCicHroPgrimdsicarnodgrtihdesIBaCnCdHtPhemiIcBrCogCrHidPs. mSeicctrioognri4dds.eSmecotniosntra4tdesemthoencsatrsaetesstuthdeiecsasbeasetuddoiens tbharseeedbouniltdhirnegesbwuiiltdhinCgCsHwPithmCicCroHgPrimdsic. rFoignraidllsy., wFienaclolyn,clwuedecothnicslupdaepethriisnpSaepcetiroinn5S.ection 5
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