Abstract
The high consumption and low production of agricultural plants have compelled the Indonesian government to import the quantity necessary to meet annual domestic needs. Therefore, a system was designed to measure the level of elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in the soil in order to improve the yield of plants. This involves the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and soil moisture sensors with an automatic flushing system to control the measurement in real time. Moreover, an Antares LR-ESP201 Board was employed to transmit data to the cloud and Low-Power Wide Area Network LoRa was also applied at a frequency of 920–923 MHz. The data were displayed on an Android smartphone based on the Internet of Things. The results showed that the system allows users to measure the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels directly through the Android application in order to control the soil content and fertilization, and to ensure an effective watering process on a farm.
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