Abstract
Desalination using seawater resources has been a cornerstone in meeting both human and industrial water demands for several decades. Some well-known methods are thermal desalination and membrane desalination. Among these, membrane desalination stands out, employing reverse osmosis (RO) technology, wherein seawater is pressurized and forced through a semi-permeable membrane to produce purified water. Black Bear Resources Indonesia (BBRI), which operates in the chemical industry relies on RO technology to cater its desalination requirements within the manufacturing facility. Notably, BBRI's desalination plant is equipped with both Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) and Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) modules. In the SWRO unit, the Hydranautic SWC-6 Max membrane is employed, while the BWRO unit features the Hydranautic ESPA-2 LD membrane. Both modules adopt the spiral wound configuration utilizing polyamide composite material. To determine the reliability of factory operations and dependability, a comprehensive performance analysis of the SWRO and BWRO units is imperative. This analysis encompasses critical parameters such as Recovery Rate, Membrane Flux, Percent Rejection, Concentration Rejection, and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC). Notably, performance degradation in both SWRO and BWRO systems primarily stems from membrane fouling, scaling phenomena, and the natural aging of the membranes.
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