Performance analysis of proportional feedback control and integral control in DC motors and speed control

Abstract

Control systems play a crucial role in modern engineering and technology, and their stability and performance are vital for the success of various applications. This paper aims to explore the application and performance analysis of proportional feedback control (P control) in DC motors and integral control (PI control) in speed control. The following section provides an exposition of the fundamental principles underpinning P control and PI control, alongside an exhaustive account of their practical implementations within the Tinkercad and Octave software environments. The simulations carried out in Tinkercad serve as the basis for evaluating step responses associated with varying values, leveraging a 1Hz function generator. Subsequent analysis pertains to proportional-integral control through the utilization of Octave's PZmap and root locus methodologies, with specific regard to their implications for system stability and control performance in the context of speed control. The experimental outcomes reveal the aptitude of P control in scenarios demanding rapid responses, while establishing the superiority of PI control in the context of steady-state error mitigation. In the experimental analysis conducted, an evident trend emerged as Kp values were systematically increased within the framework of proportional feedback control. The primary observation related to the reduction in system response times, along with the concurrent rise in overshooting tendencies.