Performance Analysis of NOMA in Vehicular Communications Over i.n.i.d Nakagami-m Fading Channels

Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in vehicular networks where a base station (BS) communicates with the vehicles moving away from the BS with single-input multiple-output. To combine the signals received at the antennas, diversity combining techniques such as maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) are performed at the receiver of each vehicle. However, in practice, the expected performance from the diversity techniques may not be achieved due to the fact that all the diversity branches are not independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) all the time. In this context, analytical expressions of the outage probability and ergodic sum rate are derived for the considered vehicular networks with the assumption of independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) Nakagami- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channels. The performance analysis of NOMA vehicular networks is also extended for multiple-input multiple-output antenna configurations and evaluated in the presence of successive interference cancellation (SIC) error propagation. The obtained analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, the performance of NOMA is verified with conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) for fading parameter <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m=2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with perfect channel knowledge and channel estimation. Numerical results show that NOMA outperforms the conventional OMA by approximately 20% and has high sum rate with i.n.i.d as well as i.i.d channel consideration. However, i.n.i.d consideration degrades the performance of NOMA and OMA as the diversity gain achieved with i.n.i.d consideration is less as compared to i.i.d consideration. The performance is further deteriorated with SIC error and channel estimation.