Abstract
Surface radio refractivity studies are being carried out in Akure, $$(7.15^{\circ }\hbox {N}, 5.12^{\circ }\hbox {E})$$ ( 7 . 15 ? N , 5 . 12 ? E ) South-Western Nigeria, by in-situ measurement of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity using Wireless Weather Station (Integrated Sensor Suit, ISS). Five years of measurement (January, 2007---December, 2011) were used to compute the surface radio refractivity and its diurnal, daily, seasonal and yearly variations are analyzed. The results were then used to compute radio horizon distance $$(\hbox {R}_\mathrm{DH})$$ ( R DH ) and examine the field strength (FSV) variability. Results obtained show that the surface radio refractivity, $$\hbox {N}_\mathrm{s}$$ N s , varies with the time of the day as well as the seasons of the year. High values of $$\hbox {N}_\mathrm{s}$$ N s were recorded in the morning and evening hours while the values were minima around 1,500 h local time. An average value of surface radio refractivity of 364.74 N-units was obtained for this location. The annual maximum mean of FSV is 15.24 dB and the minimum is 2.20 dB. This implies that the output of a receiving antenna in Akure may generally be subject to variations not less than 2 dB in a year, but can be as high as 15 dB.
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