Performance Analysis of Marine-Predator-Algorithm-Based Optimum PI Controller with Unified Power Flow Controller for Loss Reduction in Wind–Solar Integrated System

Abstract

Transmission line losses are a crucial and essential issue in stable power system operation. Numerous methodologies and techniques prevail for minimizing losses. Subsequently, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTSs) efficiently reduce transmission losses, and the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a reactive power compensation controller. The parameter strength of the proportional–integral (PI) controller was calibrated with the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA), a recent metaheuristic algorithm. An MPA-based optimum PI controller with a UPFC evaluates the optimal location of the UPFC and PI controller parameters to accomplish the desired research objective. The power rating of the UPFC was determined depending on the voltage collapse rating and power loss and an evaluated performance analysis of the MPA–PI-controlled UPFC on a modified IEEE-30 bus transmission network in MATLAB Simulink code. The Newton–Raphson method was used to perform the load flow analysis. Hence, the proposed MPA–PI controller was examined in contrast to preferred heuristic algorithms, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Moth Flame Optimization algorithms (MFO); the results showed that the MPA–PI controller exhibited better performance with an improved voltage profile and surpasses active power losses with the optimal placement of the UPFC device under different loading conditions. The active power loss, considering a UPFC with the proposed algorithm, reduced from 0.0622 p.u to 0.0301 p.u; consequently, the voltage profile was improved in the respective buses, and the loss percentage reduction during a 100% base load was 68.39%, which was comparatively better than the ABC and MFO algorithms.