Abstract
Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning with instantaneous ambiguity resolution (AR) is currently one of the most popular techniques for real-time precise positioning using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) carrier phase observations. Although NRTK has been successfully applied in many fields in surveying and navigation, the initialization speed, accuracy, and ambiguity successfully fixed rate of NRTK in urban areas (Hong Kong, for instance) would be significantly affected by blocked satellite signals. To address these problems and analyze the performance of GPS/BDS dual/triple-frequency NRTK in urban areas, we developed a new Hong Kong GNSS Network RTK Service Platform. Based on this platform, the performance of NRTK in urban areas was examined through a series of experiments. The results showed that: (1) The initialization time of the NRTK varied with the number of the visible satellite and the quality of the observation. (2) Centimeter-level NRTK service could be provided for users over Hong Kong using the Hong Kong GNSS Network RTK Service Platform. (3) In urban areas, GPS/BDS NRTK services for static, walking, and driving users significantly improved the ambiguity successfully fixed rate of the NRTK service when compared with that using the GPS signal alone. The NRTK ambiguity successfully fixed rate in Hong Kong was better than 99% in good environment. In typical urban environment, the RTK ambiguity successfully fixed rate with GPS/BDS was 33.4–72.4%, which was about 12.7–32.4% with GPS only. (4) BDS triple-frequency observation improved the initialization speed and positioning accuracy of RTK in Hong Kong.
Highlights
Baseline processing based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) differenced carrier phases observation is a standard high-accuracy post-positioning technique
(3) In urban areas, GPS/Beidou satellite navigation system (BDS) Network Real Time Kinematic (RTK) (NRTK) services for static, walking, and driving users significantly improved the ambiguity successfully fixed rate of the NRTK service when compared with that using the GPS signal alone
The ambiguity-fix rate (AFR) of GPS/BDS using the correction from the Hong Kong GNSS Network RTK Service Platform was 33.4%, which was still much better than that of the GPS ONLY (24.2%)
Summary
Baseline processing based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) differenced carrier phases observation is a standard high-accuracy post-positioning technique. Trimble pivot is the fourth generation of CORS system software from Trimble, which is designed to connect a large number of reference stations to become a network correction number, ideal for high-precision positioning. In addition to the above-mentioned commercial NRTK software/platforms, universities and research institutions have developed their own NRTK software such as the Multi-Purpose GPS Processing Software (MPGPSTM) of The Ohio State University, the software for Multiple Reference stations real-time kinematic GPS application (MultiRefTM) by the University of Calgary, and the PowerNetwork of Wuhan University [8]. Space Representation) technology, developed and promoted by Geo++, all of today’s GNSS network correction modes (FKP + VRS/PRS + MAC + SSR) are effectively supported by Geo++. Reference Station Network (SatRef) is a local satellite positioning system established by the Survey and Mapping Office of Lands Department of Hong Kong. Sometimes be affected by blocked satellite signals and high ionospheric effects
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