Performance Analysis of Diverse Energy Storage on Combined ALFC and AVR Control of Multiarea Multiunit System with AC/HVDC interconnection

Abstract

This paper discusses the significance of various energy storage devices like redox flow battery (RFB), capacitive energy storage (CES), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), and flywheel energy storage system (FESS) impact on the combined control of automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of three areas interconnected power systems having thermal, hydro, gas, and geothermal plants in presence of HVDC link. A novel PD with filter coefficient (PDN) controller cascade with fractional-order PID with filter coefficient (FOPIDN), CPDN-FOPIDN is proposed as a secondary controller for combined ALFC-AVR loop. An artificial flora algorithm is utilized to obtain the various controller parameters under numerous system conditions. The proposed CPDN-FOPIDN controller provides less settling time, overshoots, undershoots, and reduces oscillation compare to the FOPIDN controller. The study also reveals that the RFB provides better system performance than SMES, CES, and FESS. Integration of HVDC link improves the system dynamic response. Furthermore, the sturdiness of the proposed CPDN-FOPIDN controller is tested against the changes in system loading conditions via sensitivity analysis.