Abstract
Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques can be used to increase the data rate for a given bit error rate (BER) and transmission power. Due to the small form factor, energy and processing constraints of wireless sensor nodes, a cooperative Virtual MIMO as opposed to True MIMO system architecture is considered more feasible for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Virtual MIMO with Vertical-Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) multiplexing architecture has been recently established to enhance WSN performance. In this paper, we further investigate the impact of different modulation techniques, and analyze for the first time, the performance of a cooperative Virtual MIMO system based on V-BLAST architecture with multi-carrier modulation techniques. Through analytical models and simulations using real hardware and environment settings, both communication and processing energy consumptions, BER, spectral efficiency, and total time delay of multiple cooperative nodes each with single antenna are evaluated. The results show that cooperative Virtual-MIMO with Binary Phase Shift Keying-Wavelet based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (BPSK-WOFDM) modulation is a promising solution for future high data-rate and energy-efficient WSNs.
Highlights
Due to advancement in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, low power and low cost wireless sensor network (WSN) can be deployed in many real life applications, including environmental monitoring, home automation, traffic control, precision agriculture and health care [1,2,3].Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) [4] where sensor nodes are capable of producing different media streams, are an emerging type of sensor networks which can facilitate automated real-time interpretation of situations in the monitored environment
To evaluate the performance of Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques in energy limited WSNs, where sensors are mostly powered by batteries or other exhaustible energy sources, one must take into account of both circuit and transmission energy consumption
This paper focuses on cooperative virtual MIMO systems based on Vertical-Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) architecture for
Summary
Due to advancement in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, low power and low cost WSNs can be deployed in many real life applications, including environmental monitoring, home automation, traffic control, precision agriculture and health care [1,2,3].Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) [4] where sensor nodes are capable of producing different media streams (audio, video, image, textual, and scalar sensor data), are an emerging type of sensor networks which can facilitate automated real-time interpretation of situations in the monitored environment Potential applications of such sensor networks include country borders and public spaces surveillance, wildlife habitat and seismic monitoring, in-home emergency detection for the sick and elderly, mixed reality networked gaming, and quality control of manufacturing processes [5]. Findings of this study can provide useful insights into certain performance aspects and identify promising solutions for future high data-rate and energy-efficient WSNs. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 gives an overview of related works on performance evaluation of MIMO systems for WSNs. Section 3 introduces background concepts on cooperative virtual MIMO, V-BLAST, and multi-carrier modulation.
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