Abstract
The line-of-sight (LoS) channel is one of the requirements for efficient data transmission in visible-light communications (VLC), but this cannot always be guaranteed in indoor applications for a variety of reasons, such as moving objects and the layout of rooms. The relay-assisted VLC system is one of the techniques that can be used to address this issue and ensures seamless connectivity. This paper investigates the performance of half-duplex (HD) conventional DF relay system and cooperative systems (i.e., selective DF (SDF) and incremental DF (IDF)) over VLC channels in terms of outage probability and energy consumption. Analytical expressions for both outage probability and the minimum energy-per-bit performance of the aforementioned relaying systems are derived. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are provided throughout the paper to validate the derived expressions. The results show that exploiting SDF and IDF relaying schemes can achieve approximately 25% and 15% outage probability enhancement compared to single-hop and DF protocols, respectively. The results also demonstrate that the performance of the single-hop VLC system deteriorates when the end-to-end distances become larger. For example, when the vertical distance is 3.5m, the single-hop approach consumes 20%, 40% and 45% more energy in comparison to the DF, SDF, and IDF approaches, respectively.
Highlights
Visible-light communication (VLC) is a last-mile access technology which uses visible light with wavelengths between 380 and 700 nm
This paper investigated and analyzed the performance of the relay-based visible-light communications (VLC) systems in terms of outage probability and energy consumption
It was shown that the selective DF (SDF) and incremental DF (IDF) protocols have superiority over the single-hop and multi-hop DF approaches in terms of outage probability and energy efficiency
Summary
Visible-light communication (VLC) is a last-mile access technology which uses visible light with wavelengths between 380 and 700 nm. The authors of [9] discussed how the performance of the VLC can be improved by using light sources as DF and AF relay nodes in indoor environment. Different techniques were discussed in [16,17] to improve the energy consumption in relay-based PLC systems. Knowledge, no work in the open literature has provided a comprehensive performance analysis of multi-hop VLC systems in terms of outage probability and energy-efficiency. A comprehensive study and analysis of outage probability and energy per bit consumption performance of multi-hop VLC networks. It is shown that the vertical distance of the VLC environment can negatively affect both outage probability and energy consumption of the different system configurations which are considered in this paper.
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