Abstract
In 2015, the plan for global coverage by the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was launched. Five global BeiDou experimental satellites (BeiDou-3e) are in orbit for testing. To analyze the performances of precise orbit determination (POD) and precise point positioning (PPP) of onboard BeiDou satellites, about two months of data from 24 tracking stations were used. According to quality analysis of BeiDou-2/BeiDou-3e data, there is no satellite-induced code bias in BeiDou-3e satellites, which has been found in BeiDou-2 satellites. This phenomenon indicates that the quality issues of pseudorange data in BeiDou satellites have been solved well. POD results indicate that the BeiDou-3e orbit precision is comparable to that of BeiDou-2 satellites. The ambiguity fixed solution improved the orbit consistency of inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites in along-track and cross-track directions, but had little effect in the radial direction. Satellite laser ranging of BeiDou-3e medium Earth orbit satellites (MEOs) achieved a standard deviation of about 4 cm. Differences in clock offset series after the removal of reference clock in overlapping arcs were used to assess clock quality, and standard deviation of clock offset could reach 0.18 ns on average, which was in agreement with the orbit precision. For static PPP, when BeiDou-3e satellites were included, the positioning performance for horizontal components was improved slightly. For kinematic PPP, when global positioning satellites (GPS) were combined with BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3e satellites, the convergence time was 13.5 min with a precision of 2–3 cm for horizontal components, and 3–4 cm for the vertical component.
Highlights
According to the experience of the first generation of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation SatelliteSystem, the development of the second generation has been separated into two phases: (1) service for the Asia-Pacific region by the end of 2012 (BeiDou-2) and (2) global coverage by the end of 2020(BeiDou-3) [1,2]
Guo et al [7] assessed BeiDou orbits provided by Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) analysis centers (ACs), which showed that the precision of day boundary discontinuities for all AC products were on the decimeter to meter scale for geostationary orbit (GEO), 1–3 dm for inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and 10–27 cm for medium Earth orbit satellites (MEOs)
The ambiguity was not fixed for GEOs owing to their poor geometry, but the performance of IGSOs and MEOs was still inspiring, and our results showed that the ambiguity fixing rate for IGSOs and MEOs was about 80%
Summary
According to the experience of the first generation of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite. The BeiDou-2 constellation that provides the regional service consists of three types of satellites: geostationary orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and medium Earth orbit (MEO). Guo et al [7] assessed BeiDou orbits provided by MGEX ACs, which showed that the precision of day boundary discontinuities for all AC products were on the decimeter to meter scale for GEOs, 1–3 dm for IGSOs, and 10–27 cm for MEOs. the performance of precise point positioning (PPP) by the BeiDou-2 system has been assessed. To implement the plan for global service, five next-generation experimental satellites (two IGSOs and three MEOs), named BeiDou-3e [11], have been launched since 2015 to test satellite payloads and global service signals. Conclusions and further work are discussed in the final section
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