Abstract
A line focusing concentrated solar distillation unit was developed and its techno-economic analysis was carried out using batch flow, continuous flow without and with tracking mechanisms. Physical quality parameters of feed and distilled water samples, water temperature at different points, performance analysis and estimated production of developed unit were examined. The examined quality parameters of distilled water were well below permissible limits. The water temperature inside the concentrated tube was in the range of 107.0˚C to 109.0˚C. The quantity of distilled water was observed to be inversely proportional to the amount of total dissolved solids in the water samples. The measured average daily and estimated lifetime yield from the developed unit during batch flow was 4.0 and 13,621.0 liters, for continuous flow without tracking 5.1 and 19,689.0 liters, and with tracking mechanism 5.7 and 21,758.0 liters, respectively. The continuous flow with tracking mechanism was found as best method for the production of distilled water. The total life cycle cost of the project was estimated to be PKR 62,144.00. The estimated unit cost of the distilled water per liter would be PKR 6.06 for continuous flow with tracking and PKR 9.69 for batch flow technique. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Highlights
Water covers about 71% of the earth's surface
The maximum values of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in distilled water samples were noted from New Naka water samples with 20 μS/cm, and 12 mg/L, and minimum from Essa Bhatti with 14 μS/cm, and 8 mg/L respectively
In the continuous flow without tracking mechanism, the highest value of pH in distilled water samples was noted from Gharebabad water samples with 7.36, whereas the highest values of EC and TDS were found New Naka samples with 25 μS/cm and 16 mg/L respectively
Summary
Water covers about 71% of the earth's surface. 2.5% of the earth's water is fresh water. Just less than 1% of the total fresh water is accessible, which is mostly available in lakes, rivers and underground. The availability of potable water in arid regions of the world is a serious menace to the public. It is reported that about 1.1 billion people of the world have insufficient access to safe drinking water (Ajuonuma and Chukwudi, 2014; Jakhrani et al 2012a; Jakhrani et al 2012b; Mintz et al 2001). Population increase, industrialization and urbanization are the main cause of increasing water demand. Easy access to hygienic and pure water is a fundamental for daily routine life. Its impact on health is impossible to ignore (Mintz et al 2001; Gleick 1998; Jakhrani et al 2009)
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