Abstract
The present investigation analyzes the performance of a Hatz diesel engine that has 912 cubic centimeters (cc), stationary type, two cylinders, an air cooled feature and B10 (90% diesel and 10% palm biodiesel), using a test bench to improve statistically the repeatability and reproducibility of the runs. The experimental reference tests were carried out under defined conditions at a fixed speed of 1800 revolutions per minute (rpm) and four load levels: 35%, 50%, 65% and 80%. The repeatability analysis was based on the technical standard NTC-ISO / IEC17025. The variables of torque, fuel consumption (FC), air consumption (AC) and exhaust gas temperatures (EGT) showed an increase related with the load increase, showing a lower variation of AC and emissions. With the mechanism’s implementation of attenuator of air blows, adjustment mechanism for rpm and preheating air chamber for intake manifold, it was observed that the rpm presented the lowest statistical variability. The variables that presented the highest Pearson correlation with respect to the FC are the CO2, NOX and O2, this is because the engine does not have the Common Rail system, which causes the fuel supply to not be injected accurately and uniformly, therefore the evaluation of performance of the engine could not be repeatable.
Highlights
Nowadays, energy usage is prodigious, and is a significant key factor for the advancement of a nation
Biodiesel used in an engine generator can replace the diesel without significant losses and provides engine efficiency gains of 2%–4%, while other results have shown that an engine generator that uses soybean and sunflower biodiesels is more efficient than one that uses diesel oil [21]
According to a study developed in Colombia in 2011 by the Colombian-Swiss consortium CUE and financed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Ministries of Mines and Energy, Agriculture and Rural Development, as well as the Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS), based in a life cycle analysis, the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction caused by Colombian palm biodiesel is between 83% and 108% of emissions compared to fossil fuel, while with the use of current blends, biofuels are contributing to reduce carbon emissions by 2.5 million tons/year
Summary
Energy usage is prodigious, and is a significant key factor for the advancement of a nation. Sometimes, when conditions change, results are presented with significant differences, some attributable to controllable factors, while others may be uncontrolled, either because they are inherent to the process itself, or due to unavoidable errors because of the resolution, or the quality of the equipment used It is at this initial point of experimentation, where the preliminary analysis of the data obtained must be carried out, with statistical tools, to make the necessary corrections in the instrumentation, and minimize the significant differences that are present in the results [11]. The objective is to achieve the setup process reproducible, even if factors like the observer, the measuring instrument, standard reference, place, time, principle or methods are changed [15] Given these conditions, if the variability is not significant in the results, we will have a repeatable and reproducible experiment, for the parameters of interest. The ANOVA method and the average and range method were used [16,17,18,19], which showed significant statistical variability of the results obtained in the SPSS software [20]
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