Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated and reported the performance of free-space optical (FSO) links operating in adverse atmospheric conditions. Since FSO links share operational similarity with fiber communication; hence, we believe that a cost-effective FSO framework can play a significant role in the transparent integration of high-speed network access backbones with the end-users. Different modulation formats, complemented with spatial diversity techniques, are discussed in this paper to strategize performance optimization of FSO links. Using bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as performance metrics, it was found that binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) qualifies as the best technique modulation technique delivering SNR gain of 10 dB over on–off keying (OOK) operating link under similar channel conditions. Further performance optimization was achieved using space diversity reception wherein SNR witnessed a gain of 3 dB gain over the single-channel FSO link. In terms of application, the proposed model can help in developing a citizen-centric smart city ecosystem that can support seamless communication between heterogeneous smart devices.
Highlights
Over the past few years, communication technology and related innovations have taken a huge leap in transforming the meaning of connectivity
The investigation reported can be broadly divided into two cases, links without spatial diversity and links with spatial diversity. It is well established from the reported literature that on–off keying (OOK) modulated links are simple to design but lack the necessary fidelity, especially when the turbulence conditions vary from moderate to strong, for the sake of quantitative comparison, we have considered the OOK
During the analysis of the bit error rate (BER) performances of different modulation techniques at various turbulence scenarios, i.e., weak, moderate and strong, it can be concluded that binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated links delivered an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of more than 10 dB over OOK links operated under similar conditions
Summary
Over the past few years, communication technology and related innovations have taken a huge leap in transforming the meaning of connectivity. Such example wherein the traffic lights are managed dynamically to ensure a smooth and safe flow which FSO links have been proposed to serve citizens with high-speed data access in different possible of traffic, reducing time 2, and carbon end-to-end emissions. A, for example,commuting shown in Figure illustrates connectivity to framework in which links have been proposed to serve citizens with high-speed data access in far-flung and remote locations through the use of FSO relay nodes. The hybrid-FSO links have been previously shown to end-users with fiber has been proposed in [7]. The performance analysis of the FSO link proposed investigated, assuming that the channel is characterized by the gamma–gamma model. Here has been investigated, assuming that the channel is characterized by the gamma–gamma model
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