Abstract
Designing of a solar heating system involves appropriate sizing of different components based on predicted solar insolation and heating load demand. But, it is a complex problem due to unpredictable weather data components. A number of design methods are available for solar heating systems. In this paper, f-chart method has been used due to its simplified design procedure, analysis and low cost in selecting the sizes and type of solar collectors and in estimating the annual thermal performance of solar heating system. Using this method, the design of liquid solar heating system and the estimation of the fraction of total heating load (domestic water and space heating load) that will be supplied by solar energy for a family of six in Riyadh have been conducted. The study includes the effect of different collector areas and storage capacity per square meter of collector area and collector tilt angle on fraction of the load supplied by solar energy. It has been found that increasing the collector area results in an increasing of annual load fraction supplied by solar energy. It has also been seen that increasing the specific storage capacity results in small increase in solar load fraction and the effect is more visible during the summer than during the winter. The result of the study reveals that collector configurations with lower tilt angles are better during the summer and higher values of angles are better during the winter. The optimal annual collector configuration tilt angle which gives the maximum solar load fraction has been found to be 30o
Highlights
Energy generated by the sun is radiated outwards in all directions, and only two thousand-millionths of it is intercepted by the earth as light and infrared radiation
It can be proven that the annual performance of liquidbasedsolar energy systems is insensitive to storage capacity as long as the capacity is more than 50 liters of water per square meter of collector area[1], [5].The f -chart shown in Figure 2 was developed by considering a standard storage capacity of 75 liters of stored water per square meter of collector area
And table 3, we can clearly see that increasing collector area results in increasing of annual load fraction supplied by solar energy
Summary
Energy generated by the sun is radiated outwards in all directions, and only two thousand-millionths of it is intercepted by the earth as light and infrared (heat) radiation. The intensity of the sun's radiation at the top of the earth's atmosphere at the mean distance of the earth from the sun is roughly constant (solar constant) with an observed value of 1353 W/m2 [1].on average, only about half of this energy reaches the earth's surface .This is due to the fact that some of this solar radiation are reflected back into the space by clouds, absorbed by dust particles ,ozone and water vapor, while others are scattered by air molecules. Solar energy has wide range of applications such as heating of spaces, water desalination, production of hot water and steam for industries and in solar drying. It is used in solarpowered thermal systems to generate electricity. Passive solar heating is the capture, storage, and use of sun’s energy for heating without the use of fans or pumps to aid in cannot be justified[5].For these reasons, the f-chart has been heat circulation
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